Sectional boiler



2 Shets--Sheot 1.

(No Model.)`

J. LAPP.

SBGTIONAL BOILBR.

Patented Mar. 13, 1894 mil! ne: nATloNAl-umoonumnu eoMPAnv.

(No Model.) v2 SheetsL-Sheet 2.

J.`LAPP. Y SBGIIUNAL BOILBR.

Patented Mar. 13, 1894.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN LAPP, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

SECTIONAL BOILER.

SPECIEIGA'rIoN forming peut of Letters patent No. 516,209, dated March13,1894..

Application tiled February 27,1893. Serial No. 463,938. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN LAPP, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSectional Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

This invention contemplates certain new and useful improvements insectional boilers and it has for its object to provide for a thoroughcirculation within the boilers that more heat may be absorbed by therapid currents of Water passing over the lire surfaces, and whereby thecooler or more dense portion of the Water readily displaces the lighteror heated portion, resulting in the generation of a maximum quantity ofvery dry steam and preventing the liability of arresting circulation bysteam pressure on the fire surface and avoiding pulsation or kicking inthe boiler.

The invention consists primarily, of a boiler composed of a series ofvertically disposed sections, each of said sections having an inner andouter curved elongated lateral arm or branch formingeach, an arc of acircle, said sections when united constituting a complete circle andforming between their opposite overlapping faces hot air flues orpassageways, the outer arm of each section overlapping the inner arm ofthe next adjacent section.

The invention further consists of a boiler composed of a series ofvertical sections hav ing each an outer curved elongated lateral arm orbranch and an inner curved elongated lateral arm provided with a ilutedor corrugated face extending into the combustion chamber, said sectionsbeing interlocked and held in rigid relation to each other.

The invention further consists of a boiler composed of a series ofcorresponding interlocked vertical sections having overlapping lateralarms forming descending hot air flues, upper and lower rings or chambersinto which said sections open, and rods or bolts extendedperpendicularly through the centers of said sections and united to saidrings, whereby the parts are held in firm relation to each other. Y

The invention also comprises theV detail construction, combination andarrangement of parts, substantiallyr as hereinafter fully set forth andparticularly pointed out in the claims. v

In the accompanying drawingsz-Figure l is a vertical sectional viewillustrating my 6o improved sectional boiler, parts being broken away.Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-section on line -x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is asimilar view on line y-y, same figure. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectionalview of one of the sections. Fig. 5 65 is a bottom plan view of aportion of the top ring.

In the description to follow the common or ordinary parts of a stove orfurnace will be described only in so far as is necessary to a 7o clearunderstanding of the points that constitute .my invention.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the boiler which is composed ofa series of corresponding vertical sections d. Each section isapproximately square at its center a', and from this point radiate twocurved lateral arms or branches d2, d3 said section be,- ing composed ofinner and outer walls d4, a5, and having at one end a short lip orflange 8o a6, and at the other end an elongated lip or flange o7. In theinner and outer angular points of the Walls of each section are formedrecesses d8, of. When placed together the lips or anges d6 and a7 litsnug in the re- 85 cesses a8 and a9, respectively, of the adjacentsections. The walls of the outer arm or branch of each section areconnected by av vertical strip ctlowhich extends to within a shortdistance of the top and bottom of the 9o section and serves to preventthe spreading of said walls by internal pressure and also acts as aseparator between the ascending and descending currents of water. It iswell known that the circulation of water in a boiler or the like isowing to the difference in speciic gravity of two columns, the lightercolumn being directly over or adjacent to the source of heat. Thelattercolumn is being continuously displaced by the heavier or roo more densecolumn. As the heat and circulai tion increase the friction or contactbetween the two columns causes them to intermingle to such an extent asto practicallydestroy their difference-gravity circulation isproportionately lost, and steam (and consequentlyV pressure) is formedat bottom or source of heat, which further stops circulation. Then thecolumn of water is raised by pulsations and soon boils over. But in myboiler by introducing the vertical strip or plate am the columns areprevented from mingling and perfect free circulation of the lighter andheavier columns is had. This strip or plate is located at the inner endof each of the outer arms or branches and the colder or heavier columnof water is always in this outer arm or branch, while the lighter orwarmer column is in the inner arm or lbranch which is directly actedupon by the eat.

The overlapping arms or branches of adjoining sections form hot-air iuesB which extend throughout the lengths of the vertical sections. The armsor branches of each section are curved to form an are of a circle, andhence when all of the sections are properly positioned and securedtogether they constitute a complete circle, forming in themselves around wall which is concentric with or parallel to the outer casing ofthe stove or furnace.

The inner wall of the inner arm or branch of each section, from a pointa short distance above its lower end, is preferably fluted or corrugatedto form a series of approximately V-shape pockets b which extend intothe combustion chamber C to within a short distance of the magazine C',a series of hot-air passage-ways between said extensions being thusprovided. In this way a maximum quantity of water is presented fordirect action of the heat. The top and bottom plates of each sectionhave central openings b', and surrounding circular flanges b2 designedto iit snug in corresponding sockets b3 in upper and lower rings orchambers D, D', said sockets being formed in the bottom and top platesof said rings or chambers and surrounding circular openings therein.Gasket rings b4 are located in these socketed openings. Into two or moresocketed extensions d of ring or chamber D open water supply pipes d forfeeding or supplying the vertical sections with water.

E represents perpendicular rods extended through the central openings ofthe sections and rigidly connected at their ends to the upper andlowerrings or chambers, whereby the latter and said sections are firmlybound and held in iixed relation to each other. The lower threaded endof each rod engages a threaded hole in a thickened portion E of ring D',while anut E2 is screwed on the upper end of said rod projected beyondthe top of ring D. 'Ihe top ring D is made hollow and encircles themagazine C and is formed with a series of outwardly extended hollowchambers e corresponding in number with the series of sections whichopen thereinto. Hence through the agency of these chambers communicationis had with the sections and the upper hollow ring. From the latterleads a pipe e to convey away the steam. Intermediate of these chambersthe top and bottom plates of the ring D are united or made integral andin this portion are openings e2 which are normally closed by plugs es.Access can thus be had to the iues B for effecting the cleansingthereof, said openin gs being directly over said flues. The dirt bruseddown in the flues can be removed through suitable doors, as e4, formedin the outer casing X opposite the lower ends of said flues.

F is aringlocated in top of basefand upon which the dirt from the iiuesB will fall. This ring F has fingers vf designed to interlace with thegrate fingers. A smoke-box G is 1ocated at top of boiler at one side andis provided with a damper g and a hinged grate g serving as a draftcheck. The products of combustion pass into this smoke box after havingdescended through dues B and `up between the outsides of the sectionsand the outer casing X. Direct communication can be established betweenthe combustion chamber and smoke box by removing the plug e2 located inthe hole opening into said smoke box and in lieu of said plug a slidingvalve may be substituted at this point.

The magazine C is provided with an up per hopper-like casting II havingdepending lugs h rigidly attached to the upper end of said magazine. Acentral openingh is formed in this casting and acircumferential iange h2serves to hold the cover h3 in place. Thus a space is provided betweenthe top of the magazine and under side of casting for the escape of gas.The delivery point of this hopper being lower than the upper edge of themagazine and being smallerin diameter, the natural draft of chimneyproducesa down draft when the cover is raised for any purpose, thuspreventing any explosion or the escape of coal gas.

It will be understood that I also provide the usual doors for inspectionof fire and for removal of ashes, and likewise the ordinary lowerdraft-door, but as these form no part of my invention further referencethereto is unnecessary.

From what has been said it will be seen that by means of my invention aperfect circulation is created in the boiler; that a maximum amount ofheat will be absorbed by the water which is held in the line of passageof the products of combustion, and that the lighter or heated portionwill be readily displaced by the cooler or more dense portion; and thatthe movements of the descending and ascending currents are guided by thedivision plates located in said sections.

It is well known that the circulation of wa ter is due to the differencein specific gravity of two columns, hence the greater the height andseparation the greater the result. i Thus by means of the verticalsections constituting my improved boiler I provide for the greatestheight of column,and by havinga maximum surface for the direct action ofthe lire the greatest portion of the water is heated and expanded andhence can be readily displaced IOO IIO

IIR

by the cooler portion of the Water, which is that farthest from thedirect action of the re. Thus circulation is maintained within eachsection under any tiring and by reason of the constant and rapidcirculationa maximum amount of very dry steam is obtained.

The advantages of my invention are apparent to those skilled in the art=especially in the light of the foregoing, The important features lie inthe means employed for presenting a maximum water surface to the fireand in securing a perfect circulation of the Water. v

By providing the boiler sections with curved lateral elongated arms orbranches, the sections have a maximum holding capacity and but fewsections are required to constitute the boiler, said sections whenunited constituting a complete circle which corresponds to the outercasing of the stove or furnace.

A boiler constructed in accordance with my invention has but a minimumnumber of sections and the parts can be readily united together. Theheat is so distributed against the arms or branches at all points thatthe Water is readily and thoroughly heated, and by providing thesections with the interior dividing strips or plates a completecirculation is obtained.

I claim as my inventionl. A boiler consisting of a series ofcorresponding vertical sections having each two elongated lateral armsor branches each of which is curved to form an arc of a circle, the armsor branches of each section overlappin g one of the arms or branches ofeach of the adjoining sections forming hot air lues, as set forth.

2. A boiler consisting of a series of corresponding vertical sectionshaving each two elongated lateral arms or branches each of which iscurved to form an arc of a circle, one of said arms or branches being incloser proximity to the heating medium than the other and of greaterholding capacity, the arms or branches of each section overlapping oneof the arms or branches of each of the adjoining sections, substantiallyas set forth.`

. curved to form an arc of a circle, said inner arm or branch havingpockets extending therefrom into the combustion chamber, the said armsor branches of each section overlapping one of the. arms or branches ofeach tion and located in said outer arm or branch but not extending tothe ends thereof, the arms or branches of each section overlapping oneof the arms or branches of each of the adjoining sections, substantiallyas set forth.

5. The herein-described improved boiler, consisting of the series ofcorresponding sections having each two lateral arms or branches curvedto form an arc of a circle, each of said arms or branches overlappingone of the arms or branches of the next adjoining sections formingdescending hot-air fines, the upper and lower rings having openingscoincident with upper and lower central openings of said sections, saidupper ring having a series of hollow domes or chambers, and said lowerring having water-receiving sockets, and nutted rods holding said ringsand sections united, substantially as set forth.

6. A boiler consisting of a series of corresponding sections having eachinner and outer curved arms or branches, said inner arm or branch beingof greater water holding capacity than the outer arm or branch, and thecontinuous plate connected to the walls of said section andlocated insaid latter arm or branch, substantially as set forth.

7. A boiler composed of a series of corresponding sections forming acircle, each of said sections having two lateral arms or branches andconsisting of inner and outer walls curved to form an arc of a circle,said inner wall being iluted or corrugated, and

both of said walls having central recesses ons,`

a9, and at their ends provided with vertical lips or tlan ges a7, as,substantially as set forth.

8. The herein-described improved boiler, composed of a series ofsections having hotair flues, and provided with upper and lower openingsand surrounding lianges, the upper and lower rings having socketedopenings for said flanges, said upper ring having a series of hollowchambers into which said sections open, and intermediate coveredopenings located over said hot-air lines, substantially as set forth.

9. The herein-described improved boiler, composed of a series ofsections having inner and outer curved overlapping portions forminghot-air dues, the upper ring having a series of chambers correspondingto said sections and communicating therewith, and intermediate openingslocated over said hotair flues, and plugs or covers for said openings,the lower ring having socketed extensions for the water supply andcommunicating with said sections, and the series of threaded rods foruniting said sections and rings, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specication in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

JOHN LAPP.

Witnesses:

J. R. PRICE, GEO. A. WoLooT'r.

IOO

IOS

IIO

